tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16702988832219088822024-03-13T09:54:47.708-07:00AminasEste blog pretende resumir la información básica acerca de las aminas, desde que son hasta sus aplicaciones biológicas e industriales.Jeniffer Tabareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00172233536862621292noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1670298883221908882.post-81465770388020420802011-10-24T19:47:00.001-07:002011-10-24T19:47:58.148-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/CssVwNzUw1k?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>Jeniffer Tabareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00172233536862621292noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1670298883221908882.post-45290574812414858932011-10-07T21:49:00.000-07:002011-10-24T20:19:36.069-07:00AMIDAS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f8eYchQyqt0/TqYVtWMMQdI/AAAAAAAAABc/AunO3nnPw98/s1600/Cuadro.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f8eYchQyqt0/TqYVtWMMQdI/AAAAAAAAABc/AunO3nnPw98/s640/Cuadro.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zuyWIlthzDU/To-4i3twj-I/AAAAAAAAAAM/gCiTFOliZWc/s1600/aminas.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #741b47;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<span style="background-color: #741b47;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Las aminas son derivados del amoníaco (NH3) que se originan por la sustitución de átomos de hidrógeno por radicales alquilos y arilos, formando aminas alifáticas y aromáticas respectivamente. Existen tres tipos de aminas, las primarias, secundarias y terciarias distinguidas por el número de grupos sustituyentes unidos al nitrógeno. Además existe una cuarta clase de compuestos, son las sales de amonio cuaternarias, las cuales se obtienen por la sustitución de los cuatro átomos de hidrógeno del catión amonio por radicales alquilos o arilos.</span></span></span></span></span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zuyWIlthzDU/To-4i3twj-I/AAAAAAAAAAM/gCiTFOliZWc/s1600/aminas.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="130" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zuyWIlthzDU/To-4i3twj-I/AAAAAAAAAAM/gCiTFOliZWc/s640/aminas.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">GRUPO FUNCIONAL</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">Las aminas corresponden a las funciones nitrogenadas al igual que los nitrilos</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">,</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> las Amidas y los nitrocompuestos</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">Están</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">caracterizados por la presencia de enlaces entre carbonos y nitrógenos sean sencillos </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">(</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">C</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">-</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">N</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">),</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> dobles </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">(</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">C</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">=</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">N</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">)</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;"> o triples </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">(</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">C</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">≡</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: purple;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">N</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">)</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #990000;">PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LAS AMINAS:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white;"><br />
</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;">La mayoría de las aminas son líquidas a temperatura ambiente; las cuatro primeras aminas son gases, y todas poseen puntos de ebullición intermedios entre los de los alcanos y los de los alcoholes de peso molecular similar.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;">Las aminas terciarias no forman enlaces o puentes de hidrógeno intermoleculares entre sí, sin embargo, pueden formar puentes de hidrógeno con otros compuestos que tengan hidrógenos ácidos, tales como agua, alcoholes etc.…</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;">Las aminas de bajo peso molecular tienen olores que recuerdan el del amoniaco, las aminas de peso molecular mayor (incluyendo la dimetilamina y la trimetilamina) tienen un olor parecido al del pescado.</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wjCSqMIufpM/To-6ExIq63I/AAAAAAAAAAQ/WcL_Xg3PN0I/s1600/Sin+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="432" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wjCSqMIufpM/To-6ExIq63I/AAAAAAAAAAQ/WcL_Xg3PN0I/s640/Sin+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #38761d;"> PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LAS AMINAS</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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</span></div><div align="left" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Formación de sales:</span></span></span></div><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas primarias, secundarias y terciarias reaccionan con ácidos orgánicos formando sales. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XUYHecu4T1Y/To_AoGLEE6I/AAAAAAAAAAU/3sLeqCiIJtc/s1600/Formacion+sales.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XUYHecu4T1Y/To_AoGLEE6I/AAAAAAAAAAU/3sLeqCiIJtc/s640/Formacion+sales.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Como en la sal el nitrógeno ya no tiene un par de electrones no compartidos, este compuesto carece de las propiedades básicas de la amina.</span></span></span></div><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas son bases más débiles que el ión hidróxido, una base débil se puede generar a partir de su sal mediante la adición de una base más fuerte. Por lo tanto, al tratar la sal de la amina con hidróxido se libera la amina.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8vK6Ppmb51A/To_K2RMf2kI/AAAAAAAAAAc/AJqGnuynSmk/s1600/sales+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8vK6Ppmb51A/To_K2RMf2kI/AAAAAAAAAAc/AJqGnuynSmk/s640/sales+2.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Alquilación:</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Consiste en la reacción posterior de un halógeno de alquilo con amoniaco y con más halogenuro de alquilo, produciendo una amina secundaria o de un grado superior de alquilación.</span></span></span><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AIj5uv6LI-Y/To_NLN9OqqI/AAAAAAAAAAo/e8tqz24dFmI/s1600/alquilaci%25C3%25B3n.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="78" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AIj5uv6LI-Y/To_NLN9OqqI/AAAAAAAAAAo/e8tqz24dFmI/s640/alquilaci%25C3%25B3n.png" width="640" /></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XUYHecu4T1Y/To_AoGLEE6I/AAAAAAAAAAU/3sLeqCiIJtc/s1600/Formacion+sales.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: red;"><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XUYHecu4T1Y/To_AoGLEE6I/AAAAAAAAAAU/3sLeqCiIJtc/s1600/Formacion+sales.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red;"> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> <br />
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</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;">Fromación de sales de Diazonio:</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Al ácido nitroso es un reactivo muy inestable y su uso requiere que se genere en la solución donde se realiza la reacción, mediante la adición de HCl y NaNO2 (nitrito de sodio).</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">Aminas primarias: (Alifáticas) producen sales de diazonio inestables, se descomponen dando mexcla de alcoholes y alquenos.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfMhg82878U/To_OW0k5ctI/AAAAAAAAAAs/fDw8d0Vlw4s/s1600/formacion+sales+diazonio.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="102" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfMhg82878U/To_OW0k5ctI/AAAAAAAAAAs/fDw8d0Vlw4s/s640/formacion+sales+diazonio.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">Aromáticas:</span> <span style="color: lime;">Dan sales de amonio estables a menos de 5°C.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M2EQ7wmVZm8/To_K3nbsbYI/AAAAAAAAAAg/4rcG_TeUWaU/s1600/sales+de+diazonio+AROMATICAS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="118" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M2EQ7wmVZm8/To_K3nbsbYI/AAAAAAAAAAg/4rcG_TeUWaU/s640/sales+de+diazonio+AROMATICAS.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfMhg82878U/To_OW0k5ctI/AAAAAAAAAAs/fDw8d0Vlw4s/s1600/formacion+sales+diazonio.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times", "Times New Roman", serif;"> <span style="color: #38761d;">(</span><span style="color: lime;">Produce sal de diazonio o cloruro de bencendiazonio</span><span style="color: #38761d;">)</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="left"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Aminas secundarias: </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Aromáticas</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">:</span></span></span><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">producen compuestos nitrosos. </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qRLm7KEm5FU/To_RMoHsoVI/AAAAAAAAAAw/09LiLHtB5aA/s1600/AMINAS+SECUNDARIAS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qRLm7KEm5FU/To_RMoHsoVI/AAAAAAAAAAw/09LiLHtB5aA/s640/AMINAS+SECUNDARIAS.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;"> ALIFÁTICAS:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u295Pq54IJU/To_SertZl5I/AAAAAAAAAA0/CUSV4WFdRSY/s1600/ALIFATICS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u295Pq54IJU/To_SertZl5I/AAAAAAAAAA0/CUSV4WFdRSY/s640/ALIFATICS.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">SUSTITUCIÓN ELECTROFÍLICA EN EL ANILLO</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Grupos como el -NH2, NHR, NR2 son activamntes fuertes del anillo y orientadores a posiciones orto- y para- de otros grupos pos electrofílicos. Algunos grupos como el -N H C-R son activadores más suaves que los anteriores.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Ejemplo: El grupo Nh2 crea zonas negativas en las posiciones o, m y p, facilitando la entrega del Br. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: lime;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aCmSSxrWfBk/To_UJTK7r2I/AAAAAAAAAA4/IYXYFNdVlvc/s1600/sustitucion.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aCmSSxrWfBk/To_UJTK7r2I/AAAAAAAAAA4/IYXYFNdVlvc/s640/sustitucion.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Química orgánica" de los autores: Herbet Meislich, Howard Mechamkin, jacob Sharefkin.)</span></span></span></span></span> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">NOMENCLATURA</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas se nombran añadiendo el sufijo amina al nombre de (a) el grupo alquilo unido al N o (b) el alcano de cadena más larga. La terminación "o" en el nombre del alcano se elimina cuando es seguido por <amina>, pero no cuando lo que sigue es, por ejemplo <diamina> (...) así, CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH3 se nombra sec-butilamina o 2-butilamina.</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas, especialmente con otros grupos funcionales, se nombran considerando amino, N-alquilamino y N,N-dialquilaminocomo sustituyentes en la molécula principa, N indica sustitución en el nitrógeno. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas tales como anilina (bencenamina) C6H5NH2 P-Toluidina, p-CH3C6H4Nh2; y piperidina.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Al igual que el método oxa de los ésteres, se utiliza el método aza para las aminas. Di-n-propilamina, CH3CH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH3, es el 4-azaheptano y la piperidina es el azaciclohexano.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">OBTENCIÓN DE AMINAS:</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">R</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">educción de compuestos nitro:</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">El grupo nitro puede reducirse fácilmente a un grupo amino. Éste método adquiere cada día más importancia para la preparación de alifáticas primarias y es el más usado en la preparación de aminas aromáticas primarias.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tPg-XA9vmxw/TqYT1M7qzeI/AAAAAAAAAA8/WLOtT1ZSbZU/s1600/Reducci%25C3%25B3n+de+compuestos+nitro.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tPg-XA9vmxw/TqYT1M7qzeI/AAAAAAAAAA8/WLOtT1ZSbZU/s640/Reducci%25C3%25B3n+de+compuestos+nitro.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Teoría y problemas de fundamentos de química orgpánica" de Miguel Arturo Castellanos.)</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Reducción de Oxinas:</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas primarias también se pueden obtener por hidrogenación catalítica de oxina. </span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fJJ_9B2Tdok/TqYT6lQDFwI/AAAAAAAAABE/Q21QoimrJ-E/s1600/Reducci%25C3%25B3n+de+oxinas.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fJJ_9B2Tdok/TqYT6lQDFwI/AAAAAAAAABE/Q21QoimrJ-E/s640/Reducci%25C3%25B3n+de+oxinas.png" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Teoría y problemas de fundamentos de química orgpánica" de Miguel Arturo Castellanos.)</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Síntesis de aminas primarias de Gabriel:</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas primarias alifáticas se pueden preparar mediante la síntesis de aminas primarias de Gabriel, que consiste en hacer reaccionar un halógeno de alquilo con Ftalimida en presencia de una base.</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gyoTV16uthQ/TqYUCNKYtuI/AAAAAAAAABM/wR1n2GttwnI/s1600/s%25C3%258DNTESIS+DE+AMINASPRIMARIAS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gyoTV16uthQ/TqYUCNKYtuI/AAAAAAAAABM/wR1n2GttwnI/s640/s%25C3%258DNTESIS+DE+AMINASPRIMARIAS.png" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Teoría y problemas de fundamentos de química orgpánica" de Miguel Arturo Castellanos.)</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Alquilación del Amoniaco:</span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">El amoniaco es un reactivo nucleofílico capaz de desplazar el halógeno de un halogenuro de alquilo, ésta reacción da lugar a una mezcla de aminas primarias, secundarias y terciarias, e inclusive a una pequeña cantidad de sales de amonio cuaternarias. </span></span></span><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">RX + :NH3 --------------> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> RNH3</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">X</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">RNH3X + NH3 <========> RNH2 + NH4X</span></span><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">RNH2 + RX --------------> R2NH2X </span></span><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">R3N + RX --------------> R4NX </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">LAS AMINAS A NIVEL BIOLÓGICO</span></span><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas hacen parte del organismo de los seres vivos, están presentes en los aminoácidos que componen las proteínas, en los ácidos ribonucleicos (ADN y ARN), las hormonas y las vitainas, además son muy utilizadas en la medicina. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las aminas cumplen la función de catalizadores metabólicos en la síntesis de hormonas, ácidos nucleicos, proteínas y la duplicación del ADN, Algunas aminas sirven para el buen funcionamiento del intestino, mientras otras aminas se encargan del funcionamiento del sistema nervioso y del control de la presión sanguínea.<br />
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Las aminas más importantes biológicamente son las que pertenecen al grupo de las β-feniletilaminas, como la adrelina, la noradrelina, la mescalina, entre otros. Las catecolaminas son un grupo de aminas en las que se inluye la adrenalina, la noradrenalina y la dopamina, y son producidas en las glándulas suprerrenales, debido a que ejercen funciones hormonales, o también pueden estar en las terminaciones nerviosas, por lo que se consideran neurotransmisores.<br />
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Las aminas secundarias se encuentran en las carnes y los pescados o en el humo del tabaco. En general las aminas se encuentran en las proteínas presentes en la naturaleza.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue;">http://sentirmebien.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/vitamina-organismo-cuerpo-fuerte.jpg</span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">En el caso de los aminoácidos, están constituídos estructuralmente por los grupos funcionales amino y carboxilico.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Algunos aminoácidos son escenciales para nuestro organismo, siendo constituyentes básicos de la piel. Los amino ácidos forman las unidades básicas de proteínas. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Las proteínas son sustancias vitales para el organismo humano. Forman un conjunto de sustancias escenciales como material estructural del organismo humano; son fuentes de nitrógeno y están presentes en los tejidos del organismo humano, en las células y cumplen una serie de procesos bioquímicos básicos en nuestro cuerpo como enzimas y hormonas.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VxMNDvj-u6M/TqYUGnuRwaI/AAAAAAAAABU/zCpdh-HppsM/s1600/PROTE%25C3%258DNAS.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="119" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VxMNDvj-u6M/TqYUGnuRwaI/AAAAAAAAABU/zCpdh-HppsM/s320/PROTE%25C3%258DNAS.png" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Son macromoléculas de alto peso molecular y están constituídas por unidades de aminoácidos ligados por enlaces típicos denominados enlaces peptídicos.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">(Imagen de aminas hecha en paint por Jeniffer Tabares, basada en el libro "Teoría y problemas de fundamentos de química orgpánica" de Miguel Arturo Castellanos.)</span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: large;">AMINAS EN LA INDUSTRIA</span></span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: large;">Las aminas son muy utilizadas en la fabricación de cauchos, cosméticos, tejidos y otros compuestos, además son usadas en la industria farmacéutica y química, en pesticidas, colorantes, catalizadores o disolventes. Algunas aminas son epleadas en la industria del papel, del petróleo, cosméticos, barnices e incluso en el revelado fotográfico. Algunas de las aminas son utilizadas en gomas , pegantes y aditivos, mientras otras como la acetamida, son usadas en explosivos y lacas.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="color: blue;">Bibliografía:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: blue;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">Imágenes extraídas de internet: </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_9zTb922lnjk/R1MRKkyDlEI/AAAAAAAAAA8/7hd_piNQGbQ/s320/anfetamina.jpg">http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_9zTb922lnjk/R1MRKkyDlEI/AAAAAAAAAA8/7hd_piNQGbQ/s320/anfetamina.jpg</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;"><a href="http://www.dililloc.org/quimica1.jpg">http://www.dililloc.org/quimica1.jpg</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;"><span style="color: red;">(Las demás imágenes han sido diseñadas por el dueño del presente blog)</span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"> Libros utilizados:</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">MEISLICH, Herbet; MECHAMKIN, Howard; SHAREFKIN, jacob.</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"> "Química orgánica", segunda edición, España, McGRAW-Hill/INTERAMERICANA DE ESPAÑA, S.A.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">PACOFF, Henrry; ROSE, Norman C. "Química orgánica fundamental", editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V., 2003.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">CASTELLANOS TAPIAS, Miguel Arturo. "Teoría y problemas de fundamentos de química orgánica" primera edición en español, México, McGRAW-Hill/INTERAMERICANA DE MÉXICO, S.A. DE C.V.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">OTRAS PÁGINAS:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD;"><a href="http://www.salonhogar.net/quimica/nomenclatura_quimica/Propiedaes_aminas.htm">http://www.salonhogar.net/quimica/nomenclatura_quimica/Propiedaes_aminas.htm</a></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="color: red;"><br />
</span></div>Jeniffer Tabareshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00172233536862621292noreply@blogger.com1